What’s the best lithium-ion jump starter on the market nowadays? That is what we will reply within this top 14 evaluation roundup.
There is a broad selection of alternatives out there. And with diverse power capabilities, budgets, and add-ons (flashlights, USB outlets, and much more), it can be hard deciding which version to elect for.
We’ve taken five top-rated chargers to fit all pockets to deliver you the greatest low down to assist you.
For our findings in a glance, visit the table beneath. For in-depth testimonials on every one of our options, and a comprehensive buyer’s guide, continue reading.
Reviews Of 14 Best Lithium Ion Jump Starter Of 2020
NOCO Guru Boost Plus GB40 1000
Among my favorite things about this battery is that it comes in 4 distinct sizes. Whether you want 400 amps of jumping electricity or 4,000, there is a lithium-ion battery jump starter.
Features
- 4 Distinct sizes
- USB device chargers Developed in
- Compact form factor enables the use of a Built-in flashlight.
Talking of flashlights that I must say that using such a little battery jumper makes it simple to use! With conventional lead-acid battery jumpers, there is no great way to utilize the flashlight because they are so heavy.
With this particular lithium-ion jumper, it weighs only 2 pounds, so it’s user friendly.
Due to its limited size and enormous battery capability, these batteries also make good phone or tablet computer chargers when required. Just do not run out the battery of charge when you may need it for your vehicle!
One thing that I did not mention considerably above is constructed in circuit protection. If you have jumped automobiles with conventional methods, you can be “shocking” sometimes. With built-in circuit protection, there is nothing to be worried about because it has spark-proof!
Best for customers who want a lithium-ion battery readily available in several sizes!
See Also: NOCO Guru Boost Plus GB40 1000 Reviews
Brightech SCORPION Portable Car Battery Jump Starter with SmartJump Technology
The following entry on the list is a leap starter with an intriguing design, and a good deal of energy for your jump begins.
The Brightech SCORPION Portable Car Battery Jump Starter includes a slick red and black case to wow your family and friends. The jump newcomer’s situation has a scorpion-inspired situation which will capture eyes.
This hop starter can get up most batteries and run in no time using a 400 amp power package. The hop starter works with gasoline engines around 3 liters in power.
The Scorpion’s unique technologies prevent overcharging in your battery and will avert short-circuiting. That means more reassurance for you once you’re skipping your battery life.
The hop starter comprises five blue LED lights, which could be used to light your project in any way times daily. Additionally, you can receive all those features in a little package.
This hop starter weights only 2.35 lbs, making it a little, transportable fit in your glove box.
But with its small dimensions, this leap starter does not pack a massive punch. Unlike many the offerings within this listing, this leap newcomer can only jump specific engines — leaving large truck owners desiring.
Additionally, this product requires comparatively regular re-charging as a result of its smaller capacity. This means you ought to keep it nearer to a socket.
In general, this leap starter packs a punch in a small, attractive package. The exceptional design stands out from its rivals, and the tech reassures you.
On the other hand, the tiny newcomer is restricted in what batteries it could begin.
Pros
- Unique design Provides you a slick look.
- Lightweight starter, Simple to store and transfer
- LED lighting Provides you to see
Cons
- The product is restricted in what engines it could begin.
Rugged Geek RG1000 Lithium-ion Jump Starter
The Rugged Geek RG1000 is a high-performance, mobile lithium-ion jump starter battery that could crank gasoline-powered vehicles having an engine power of 7,000cubic centimeters(cc) or 7 liters, in addition to petrol cars with engine capacities not exceeding 3.5liters (L).
This smartphone-sized LiB has a very high power-to-weight ratio, which functions as a dual-purpose LiB, jump starter battery, and a consumer-grade electricity source.
Additionally, it includes two USB charging ports with each interface providing volts in 2.1amperes, allowing for cellular phones’ rapid charging.
There’s also a 12-volt notebook charging interface. Likewise, due to its portability, compact build, and higher energy density, it may be utilized to jump-start ship engines.
This version is encased in a difficult air-tight shell and has been made and designed with Rugged Geek. A firm started by tech enthusiasts.
Main Specifications
This lightweight mobile device weighs approximately 15.8ounces and is 6.3inches long, 2.9inches wide, and 1.3inches thick. Its power score is 39W.h, which will be equal to 3250mA.h.
It’s a CCA of all 1000Amps. Additionally, it may act as a battery booster package to top-up the automobile LA battery fee. Additionally, it will come with a 3-in-1 USB cable that features both USB-C and micro-USB interfaces.
There’s also a digital LCD panel that shows charge amount and output signal voltage.
This version lets you choose the notebook charging interface voltage output signal from 3 choices; 12volts, 16volts, or 19 volts.
The device is packed with the following:
- Carrying pouch,
- a 110v-220v wall charger
- a 12-volt charger,
- And a user manual.
- Built-in LED flashlight with three modes: SOS, Strobe, and Steady On manners.
Intelliboost Technology
This version also includes Intelliboost technology that ensures that electricity is simply delivered to the automobile battery when it’s safe to do so.
This serves to make the jump beginning procedure a secure exercise. Intelliboost is included in a wise device that adheres to the LiB. On the flip side difficulties, the two leap leads, with every lead terminating to an insulated alligator clip.
Nevertheless, these alligator clips fit badly on the terminals of a few LA nut batteries. The thick jumper cables encase 8-gauge thick electrical wire and also to stop short-circuiting, the cables are well-insulated with secure, spark-proof insulation sheath.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oQUIWghoc3c
Pros
- High-performance mobile LiB with high-energy-density.
- Can crank gas engines and diesel engines using powerful engine capabilities of 7L and 3.5L.
- CCA of 1000A.
- Outstanding build quality.
- It includes USB and notebook charging interfaces.
- Uses Intelliboost technologies to guarantee a secure jump start.
- The energy rating of 39W.h.
Cons
- Alligator clamps don’t match nicely in certain LA terminals.
DBPOWER 600A Peak 18000mAh Portable Car Jump Starter
Like every fantastic lithium-ion hop starter, this one is small and strong. One thing that I enjoy the most about it, nevertheless, is that the dual USB charging power interfaces for clever charging apparatus.
Features
- 2x USB chargers
- Flashlight and compass
- Digital screen readout
Onboard this potent battery jump starter is just two USB plugs. One of these is a classic USB charger, but another is a USB smart charger.
If you are unsure, smart USB plugs accommodate their electric output to match the charging device. So, when you’ve got a smartphone with rapid charging capacities, this charger can keep up.
Charging phones is not what a car battery jump starter is intended for, is it? Fortunately, this lithium-ion battery package is rocking 600A of electricity.
That is enough to begin many normal automobiles and smaller trucks. You might want something larger for bigger trucks and diesel engines (particularly in winter).
While I am not convinced that this battery charger requires a compass, I do love the electronic screen. Having a battery percent readout, it’s possible to precisely tell that your battery cost level is currently at. This way you’ll know when it is time to get a fee up!
Best for simple to read battery wellbeing screen.
WEEGO 66.1 Jump Beginning Power Bundle 2500 Peak 600 Cranking Amps High-Performance Lithium-Ion Jump Starter
If you have to jump your vehicle battery, sometimes more. That is the reason why this product could be your best lithium-ion jump starter.
The WEEGO 66.1 Jump Beginning Power Bundle packs a massive punch in a rather compact package, with a whopping 2,500 amps of peak electricity.
All that power means that this tiny jump starter can leap each gasoline engine available in the industry. No more wondering if your automobile could be jumped.
The hop starter comes from a slick red design that stands out from its rivals. WEEGO also sells numerous dimensions and power capabilities in its starters.
A significant selling point for this particular model is that the “smarty clamps” on the battery wires. The wires clamp to battery terminals readily, which means that you can connect and proceed without a prospect of slipping.
This starter comes with a 600 lumen LED flashlight, enabling you to jump your battery from the dark. That is among the cleverest lumen counts on our listing.
All features are inserted into a 3.5-pound bundle, which is close to the very top of the listing in weight. But, it is still a comparatively lightweight design that may be saved easily.
But this newcomer can have some difficulties holding a fee. This means that you ought to be certain it could jump-start your battery before carrying it out on your way. As with other versions on this listing, you need to check the charge before your road trip.
In general, this is a strong jump starter that could meet nearly all of your expectations. A 2,500 Glass starter may begin all gasoline engines readily.
On the other hand, the newcomer may have problems holding a fee before and after usage.
Pros
- 2,500 amps of electricity can Begin all gasoline engines
- A 600-lumen flashlight Provides you exceptional light.
- Relatively lightweight design stores easily.
Cons
- The starter can have problems holding charge with time.
NoOne KPJS001-3 Lithium-ion Jump Starter
This hop newcomer has a CCA of 800A along with also a potential evaluation of 12600mAh.
It includes seven protection features, including protection against overcharge, over-discharge, short circuit, higher temperature, low temperatures, and wrong link protection, besides, to reverse current protection.
Operationally, it’s intended to crank gas and diesel motors whose motor capabilities are 6.5L and 5.2L.
This mobile packs a higher energy density, enabling it to serve two purposes; as a leap starter LiB and as a power bank for charging consumer electronics like cellular phones and notebooks.
As a jump starter battery, it may also crank both automobile and ship engines.
As a power-bank, it includes one USB charging interface which may deliver 5V in 2.1A that makes it appropriate for fast-charging cell phones and electricity banks.
Its tough exterior casing has a sleek finish. This LiB version is made and designed by NoOne.
Main Specifications
This inexpensive model weighs 3.18 lbs; and can be 11inches long, 4.9inches broad, and 4.9inches thick. This makes it bigger and thicker than NOCO GB40, though without providing as much cold cranking amperage.
However, this one version is appropriate to function as a battery booster package as possible to top-up the fee in a partially-discharged automobile LA battery.
It features 5 LED indicator lights for notifying the user about the condition of the LiB charge. There’s also an LCD screen for showing the compression level. Its color scheme is black and blue.
The device is packed with the following:
- A set of jumper cables,
- a 12-volt wall charger,
- A 12-volt cigarette charger,
- A carrying pouch,
- User manual.
- In-Built ultra-bright LED flashlights; SOS, Strobe, and Steady On style.
The thick jumper cable attributes secure, spark-proof insulation sheaths, which also extend into their battery clamps’ grips.
This LiB also gains from a 12months guarantee.
Pros
- High-performance mobile LiB with high-energy-density.
- Can crank gas engines and diesel engines using powerful engine capabilities of 6L and 5.2L.
- CCA of all 800A.
- Outstanding build quality.
- It includes a fast-charging USB port.
- Affordable.
- The ability of 12600mAh.
- 1-year warranty.
Cons
- Heavier than Rugged Geek RG1000 and NOCO GB40.
GOOLOO 450A Peak Car Jump Starter
I enjoy this jump starter since it reminds me of the elegance of an iPhone. Practically speaking, but the 450 amp output signal and apparatus charging capacities are sufficient for it to stand by itself.
Features
- 450 amps of peak current
- Simple to Use
- Clean, attractive appearance
- 1x USB charging interface
Like many lithium-ion jumpers, that package is small enough to fit anywhere. Place it in the glove box or under the seat and forget about it till you want it.
Simply specify a reminder to top it off power once a motto’s nodded once you want to utilize it!
My favorite part about this lithium-ion battery jumper is the clear, user-friendly instructions. Forget the guide — only read the jumper cables!
Printed directly on the battery jumper wires are all the directions you will want to use this battery jumper properly.
While it will set out 450 amps of peak current, that will not be sufficient to begin bigger engines. Especially in chilly climates, you will want something larger.
This battery pack produces a good choice for small car motors, especially those in hot climates.
Best for smaller cars and people who need clear, simple to use instructions and help on the fly.
Antigravity XP-1 Micro-Start
Next on the list is just another lightweight version that provides you with a great beginning power in a slick package.
The Antigravity XP-1 Micro-Start is the 2nd lightest hop starter on our listing at minuscule 15.2 oz. This means that you may take this starter with you wherever you move with no stress to locate a place to put away.
The glossy red design will please your attention using good battery cable that will assist you in connecting to terminals easily.
This version also includes two USB wires that store in the instance. This means that you may begin your battery and control your appliances or phone on the move.
The starter also contains a strong LED light which may flash pre-programmed Morse code signs, including “SOS.” If you are in a pickle, that is a feature you can use.
Nonetheless, this is a comparatively modest jump starter having a restricted selection of usage. It will not possess the capacity to jump-start all motors, so you should check your motor dimensions before use.
Additionally, this newcomer can be prone to “bloated battery congestion,” in which the inner battery lumps from its case. Make sure you keep this in a dry place between applications.
In general, this is a sound, little jump starter which will function most applications with a slick design. Both USB cables also provide you a range of applications.
Additionally, the LED flashlight may flash the Morse code, helping you in a crisis.
On the other hand, the newcomer could be prone to bulging from its case. Additionally, its size can restrict which batteries you can jump.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eam4j24fQFk
Pros
- The sleek design includes USB cables saved internally.
- Lightweight makes it Simple to store and transfer
- LED flashlight includes Morse code programs
Cons
- The internal battery could bulge from the case if not preserved.
Battery Tender, 400 Amp Lithium Ion Jump Starter
This really is a high-grade lithium-iron-phosphate jump starter battery using a CCA of 400A, along with a battery capacity of 12000mAh.
This is a premium-grade version which may be utilized in ice-cold (temperature) surroundings, and sun-baked desert surroundings (so long as the ambient temperature doesn’t exceed 40 degrees Celsius).
Its cigarette lighter plug supports a maximum current draw of 15A. Its exceptionally high power-to-weight ratio functions as a dual-purpose LiB — as a jump starter battery along with a consumer-grade electricity source.
Nevertheless, it lacks a dedicated USB interface, and one ought to use an adapter provided with the battery pack to control mobile phones and notebooks.
It’s encased in a difficult air-tight shell, allowing it to be utilized in moist surroundings, for example, when charging a ship motor.
This version is designed and fabricated by Deltran Battery Tender as a part of its Jump Starter 400 series.
Main Specifications
This mobile LiB weighs approximately 6.45lbs and can be 12.6inches, 10inches heavy, and 8.3inches tall. This makes it considerably bigger than Rugged Geek RG1000.
Nevertheless, it can function as a battery booster package for topping up the fee in a partially-discharged LA battery.
There are indicator lights that show the charging position, in addition to notifying the consumer when the jumper leads are attached improperly into the LA battery. Its color scheme is black and green.
The device is packed with the following:
- A wall charger
- Jumper leads with alligator clips attached.
- User manual.
- Ultra-bright LED flashlight with three modes: SOS, Strobe, and Steady On manners.
The thick jumper cables encase thick electrical wires in a secure, spark-proof insulation sheath. This version includes a 12months warranty.
Pros
- High-performance mobile LiB with high-energy-density.
- CCA of all 400A.
- Outstanding build quality.
- The ability is 12000mAh.
- One year guarantee.
Cons
- Heavier than Rugged Geek RG1000 and NOCO GB40.
- Lacks a committed USB charging interface.
RAVPower 300A Car Jump Starter
Another little, simple to use lithium-ion jump starter with clean, simple to use features. This is wafer-thin and contemporary looking. Besides, I adore the battery life screen for simple monitoring.
Features
- Ranked for 2L gas engines
- 300 amps of peak current
- 1x fast charge USB interface
Again, there is much to appreciate when the jump starter is simple to use and transparent to follow. I enjoy the impossible-to-mess-up features of this jump starter with the lithium-ion battery pack. That includes a little drawback in this circumstance.
There are just 300 amps of peak capability to draw with this battery. That is not a great deal, and it surely will not do you some good in cold temperatures.
To take advantage of the lithium-ion battery jumper, ensure you’ve got a little 2L or less engine.
There’s included circuit protection, that is fine so that you do not give yourself a shocking surprise. In addition to the smart-charging USB port, it adjusts to the requirements of almost any device you plug into it.
Should you have to utilize it, then the onboard flashlight has caution and SOS manners for crises.
Best for charging electronic equipment and leaping very little gasoline engines in crises.
Clore Automotive Jump-N-Carry JNC660 1700 Peak Amp Jump Starter
While some buyers would rather have a handheld starter, sometimes you need something sturdier.
That is where our second product comes from.
The Clore Automotive Jump-N-Carry weighs in at a whopping 8 lbs, providing you with a sturdy rack as an alternative to jump your battery life.
This version consists of 46-inch, heavy-duty battery wires. This means that you may accomplish your battery with much more simplicity than other competitors with no worry. The cable’s weight also means that you may beat them up without fear of breaking up.
The newcomer’s 1,700 amp capacity implies it may be used on virtually all motors irrespective of size.
But the actual selling point of the model is your self-contained charger, describing its above-average dimension. The self charger means that you can power up as you’re skipping a battery.
This version also contains a voltmeter so that you may check your battery’s voltage prior to and after leaping.
With all that dimension, but this model could be a monster to put away. Unlike other products that could fit in a glove box, then you need to put aside space for this jump starter.
Additionally, this thing can have problems holding a fee. It is very important to keep it charged following three months of disuse.
In general, this is a good jump starter that’s in a dimension and class of its own. A self-contained charger keeps you off the wall socket for more.
The heavy-duty wires give you longer reach and more durability.
On the other hand, the merchandise is large, meaning it requires more space to put away. Additionally, this jump newcomer may have problems holding a fee.
Pros
- A self-contained charger helps you maintain this product off the wall socket.
- The powerful newcomer will get search engines going.
- Heavy-duty wires have long reach
Cons
- Large Dimensions and weight make it more challenging to store
- The battery can have problems holding charge.
Schumacher SL161 Red Gas
Having a tiny form factor, easy and easy to read the screen, and many key apparatus charging features that this battery pack is an all-around workhorse. Can it be too complex to be the ideal charger, however?
Features
- Micro USB and turbo cable included
- 2x USB output interfaces
- Small cars only
I totally love the digital display readout on this. As with other battery chargers, understanding exactly what the battery life is will be certain that you understand when to top it off using a fee. It does you no good to have a drained battery jumper!
I must admit that I am not fond of those battery jumper cables. Flimsy cables link them, and I fear that they may eventually break at the incorrect moment.
Since this battery jumper includes a micro USB and turbo cable together with 2x USB charging interfaces, it makes me wonder. Perhaps the producers made this as a device charger and foremost and a car battery jumper last.
Because of this, and the simple fact that the battery includes a little 8,000 mAh battery, I think it is reasonable to just use this because of a battery jumper on exceptionally smaller cars. Powersports programs like motorcycles, dirtbikes, ATVs, and many others come to mind.
Best for exceptionally light-duty battery bypassing software and apparatus charging.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1ZNaZbS2f5g
Chromo Inc Emergency Roadside Multi-Function Jump Starter Kit
A different handheld jump starter with a slick design looks no farther than another product on the list.
The Chromo Inc Emergency Roadside Multi-Function Jump Starter Kit packs a punch to begin your batteries with no dimensions.
A slick yellow and black layout seems more like a wise phone than a hop starter. At just 2.4 lbs, don’t hesitate to keep in your glove box or where best suits you.
The device includes multiple USB ports so that you can control your phone accessories while leaping your vehicle.
This little package packs a punch with all the capacity to jump most gasoline engine dimensions.
However, buyers must bear in mind this leap starter doesn’t include its own wires. This means you have to locate wires that will fit together with this product.
Additionally, the product’s small size implies larger motors won’t be compatible. Ensure to understand your motor size before purchasing.
Additionally note, this product may have trouble holding a fee, making it necessary to control it regularly.
In general, this is an appealing, lightweight jump starter with a slick design and fantastic features. Have a peek at the cool instance and layout and also fall in love.
But this jump starter doesn’t include things like battery wires, so be ready to purchase. In addition, it may have problems holding a fee.
Pros
- The sleek layout is eye-catching.
- A lightweight package means you can store and transfer readily.
- Multiple USB ports Allow You to control other appliances.
Cons
- No battery wires attached.
SUAOKI U3 400A Peak Jump Starter Lithium-ion Phone Charger and Battery Booster Power Bundle
For the last entrance on our best lithium-ion hop starter checklist, here is a product that’s about the extent of a wise phone with serious electricity.
The SUAOKI U3 Jump Starter has jump-starting electricity within an attractive, little instance.
This version weighs in at a minuscule 1.3 lbs, close to the base of our listing. That means it could literally be saved in your pocket or glove box easily.
The hop starter includes battery wires that provide you a firm grasp on the terminals for simple application.
A 400 amp capability is very good for many small gas motors, providing you with the capacity to jump-start readily. This version also comprises four LED lights offering excellent illumination to the jump-starting project.
But due to the small size of the jump starter, bigger gas engines might not apply. Assess your motor dimensions before buy.
Additionally, this product may have problems holding a fee.
In general, this leap starter provides you enormous power in a small bundle. But, its little package does restrict what engines it may be utilized on.
Pros
- Small dimensions can be stored easily.
- The sleek layout is appealing.
- Battery cables give you a firm grip.
Cons
- The lightweight design may only be used on smaller motors.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7RVHSahJncU
The Way to Select the Best Lithium-Ion Jump Starter
Lithium-ion battery jumpers are fresh, compact, strong battery technology made to quickly get you back on the road. We will not be talking too much about conventional battery jumper packs within this report.
Instead, we will concentrate on those brand new cutting edge lithium leap starters.
Selecting the proper vehicle battery jump starter does not need to be rocket science. Yes, there are a couple of technical terms. You will quickly discover that it’s simple to decide on the best lithium-ion jump starter with my help.
Whether you have already had battery troubles or hope to prevent future difficulty, a battery jumper package is the best buddy.
After the car battery dies or you want to jump a buddy, the simplest way to save the day would be using a lithium-ion battery pack. Let us discuss what you want to know to select one.
The Benefits of Lithium-Ion Technology
In regards to mobile battery packs for jump-starting your vehicle, you will need exactly that. The battery has to be mobile and ready to fit in the vehicle. Many classic battery packs such as jump-starting automobiles are big, heavy, and bulky.
Lithium-ion jump starters are:
- Smaller than conventional jumpers
- Lighter than conventional jumpers
- Could be used to bill electronic equipment
Unlike many conventional automobile battery jump starters, lithium-ion jumpers are miniature! They burden fractions of what a standard lead-acid battery jumper would.
While direct acid jumpers weigh ~15 lbs, a lithium-ion leap starter weighs 2-4 lbs.
As I mentioned previously, one of the significant benefits is dimensions. Since they are smaller compared to conventional lead-acid battery jump starters, they could fit in a glove box or under the seat.
That also means that you may transport them around or use them to bill electronics.
Most lithium-ion jump starters arrive with USB plugs for apparatus charging and are small enough to stay in a backpack without difficulty. They’re, in a lot of ways, super-strong battery chargers.
Cranking Amps & Peak Amps
There are two chief amounts used to communicate the magnitude of a battery jumper. All these are cranking amps and peak amps. The two terms have slightly different meanings, and frequently manufacturers use confusing language around them.
Essentially peak amps refer to the quantity of power set out from the battery through the first minute or so of this jump-starting process.
Batteries can place out lots of electricity in this brief burst called peak amps. However, because you hold the starter down and turn the motor, the battery immediately loses that first burst of electricity.
After that first one minute (or less) burst is done, the battery is currently utilizing a steady output of electricity called amps.
Notice: Never turn the motor over for over 3 minutes at a time. This may result in extreme heat and pressure on the electric parts.
If it has to do with lithium-ion batteries, these amounts are confusing or might not even be found from the marketing specs.
Why? Since lithium-ion batteries normally are utilized slightly differently than conventional lead-acid chargers.
The Way to Use a Lithium-Ion Charger
With big lead-acid battery packs, it is possible to clamp them to a battery and crank the motor instantly. They have a lot of electricity and will handle this burden without a lot of trouble ordinarily.
Lithium-ion chargers are often considerably smaller and have less raw energy output, though. Rather than instantly turning the search engine over, many lithium-ion battery manufacturers recommend the following process:
- Connect the LI battery charger for your car battery
- Wait 30 seconds to 1 minute before trying to start the automobile.
- Attempt to start the automobile
- If it does not start, wait a few more moments, then try again.
Why wait? Since lithium-ion batteries and their wires are usually considerably more compact than conventional battery jumpers.
Lithium-ion jumpers require a couple of minutes to transfer charge to the principal vehicle battery until you attempt to begin the vehicle. Differently, they can not perform their job as efficiently.
Scientifically speaking, there is more to it than this, but that is not the post’s purpose!
Conclusion
We advise that you buy the WEEGO 66.1 Jump Beginning Power Pack for optimum power from the smallest package with these factors in mind.
This hop starter has a whopping 2,500 amp electricity that may begin any gasoline engine or engine flush. That means no matter your automobile, this will work for you.
Moreover, its comparatively compact size can help you store it readily. Carry it on the street or keep it in your home. Never worry about your vehicle battery.